Trofoblastové kmeňové bunky, invázia trofoblastu a organoidy – pokroky v gynekológii

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Authors: P. Gašparová ¹ ; Z. Ballová ¹ ; D. Bačenková ² ; M. Trebuňová ² ; E. Dosedla ¹
Authors‘ workplace: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University P. J. Safarik in Košice, Hospital AGEL Košice-Šaca Inc., Slovak Republic ¹; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic ²
Published in: Ceska Gynekol 2024; 89(2): 151-155
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doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/cccg2024151

Overview

Súhrn: Ľudská placenta predstavuje životne dôležitú bariéru medzi matkou a vyvíjajúcim sa plodom počas tehotenstva. Porucha včasného vývoja placenty je spojená so závažnými poruchami tehotenstva. Napriek jej komplexnému vývoju stále nie sú úplne objasnené rôzne molekulárne procesy riadiace vývoj placenty a špecializáciu buniek trofoblastu. Jednou z hlavných prekážok je nedostatok vhodných bunkových modelových systémov. Tradičné dvojrozmerné (2D) bunkové kultúry nedokážu imitovať podmienky in vivo a nezachytávajú zložité medzibunkové interakcie nevyhnutné na štúdium vývoja placenty. Avšak trojrozmerné (3D) modely organoidov, odvodené z kmeňových buniek, ktoré replikujú prirodzenú organizáciu a architektúru buniek výrazne zlepšili naše chápanie správania sa trofoblastov a ich medicínskych aplikácií. Organoidy s relevantnými fenotypmi poskytujú cennú platformu na modelovanie fyziológie a patológie placenty, vrátane modelovania porúch placenty. Sú veľkým prísľubom pre personalizovanú medicínu, zlepšenie diagnostiky a hodnotenia účinnosti a bezpečnosti farmaceutických liečiv. Tento článok poskytuje stručný prehľad trofoblastových kmeňových buniek, invázie trofoblastu a rozvíjajúcej sa úlohy organoidov v gynekológii.

Klíčová slova:

organoidy – trofoblastové kmeňové bunky – invázia trofoblastu – komplikácie tehotenstva

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ORCID authors

P. Gašparová 0000-0002-6354-6911

Z. Ballová 0000-0002-0605-948X

D. Bačenková 0000-0001-8459-849X

M. Trebuňová 0000-0001-5826-9692

E. Dosedla 0000-0001-8319-9008

Submitted/Doručené: 26. 10. 2023

Accepted/Prijaté: 1. 11. 2023

Assoc. Prof. Erik Dosedla, MD, PhD, MBA

Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

Faculty of Medicine